major stock exchange
For today in the world there are about two hundred of stock exchanges. The activity of stock exchanges is, first of all, in ensuring the optimal conditions for the sale of securities, as well as the determination of market prices for them, dissemination of information and the preservation of the high level of professionalism among market participants. Thus, it can be argued that stock exchanges are an indicator of the controller and the state of the economy. Of the 200 existing exchanges of the most influential are the 20 stock exchanges with regard to market capitalization, calculated in trillions of dollars. As a rule, exchange, included in the largest 20-ku, located in the countries, which in the middle ages had an active economic development and have retained their potential to our days.
So, for example, in the U.S. there are 13 the stock exchanges, including the world's largest stock exchange NYSE Euronext - new-Йорская the stock exchange, the merged in 2007 with the European stock exchange, as well as внебиржевый market shares of high-tech companies NASDAQ , which is the second by the degree of influence. These stock exchanges are rightfully considered to be the symbols of financial power and occupy the first positions of the leader by the volume of capitalization.
In Japan currently operates 9 stock exchanges. Among these exchanges is the Tokyo stock exchange, which is considered to be one of the oldest stock exchanges in the world. This exchange was founded in 1878. More than 80% of the exchange turnover of Japan accounted for by this exchange, and according to their market capitalization of the Tokyo stock exchange is second only to new York.
In the UK there are 22 stock exchanges, among which the LSE - London stock exchange, which is considered the world's leading financial centre and one of the oldest stock exchanges in the world. History of the London stock exchange began in 1570, when Thomas Грэшем - financial Advisor to the king built at his own expense the Royal exchange. One of the features of the London stock exchange is that it is considered one of the most international, the international trade in shares in it is approximately 50%.
Separately in the Asian market is to provide the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock exchanges. Shanghai stock exchange is considered the largest of China, and also one of the largest exchanges in the whole Asian market. Followed by the Hong Kong exchange, which was formed as a result of the merger of the two stock exchanges in 1947. They are followed by Shenzhen stock exchange, which as the Shanghai stock exchange was founded in 1990 and is included in the list of the leading exchanges of the Asian market. More than 1200 companies included in the listing. Among these companies are and governmental organizations, so the trade their shares is limited.
Canada, as well as Japan, famous for one of the oldest and largest stock exchanges in the world - Toronto Stock exchange, which was established back in 1852. This exchange is famous first of all, because in the 70-ies it was launched the world's first system of electronic Commerce CATS, which is now widely used by many exchanges.
In spite of the class contrasts of India, in this country is two exchanges, included in this list. The first - the Bombay stock exchange. It is considered the oldest stock exchange in India and was founded at a time when India was a colony of Britain. The second is the national stock exchange of India, which was founded in 90-ies of XX century, but has already had time to prove itself. By the number of operations conducted by the exchange takes the third place in the world.
The old and the major stock exchange can also boast of Latin America, namely Brazil, where the stock exchange of Sao Paulo, the influence of which is to enable the merging of two major shopping sites, the old stock exchange Bovespa, the Brazilian trade and futures exchange in 2008. Currently the stock exchange of Sao Paulo concentrates within itself 70% of trading in the region.
The exchange, which for the time of its existence has many transformations, but has not lost its influence, is in Australia - ASX - Australian stock exchange. The stock exchange itself was founded in 1861, but in the form in which the exchange is now, she was only in 2006 as a result of Association of the Australian stock exchange and Futures exchange Sydney.
Europe was included into the list, thanks to the Frankfurt stock exchange, the Nordic Stock Exchange Group OMX , SWX Swiss exchange, as well as the Madrid and Milan (Italian) stock exchanges. The Frankfurt stock exchange is considered to be one of the largest and oldest in the world stock exchanges. The history of this exchange began in the year 1585, as a result of foreign currency exchange rates. In Germany this stock exchange is considered to be the most influential since 1949.
With regard to the group OMX, it was founded in 2003 and unites in itself a number of exchanges: Vilnius, Icelandic, Copenhagen, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, as well as the stock exchanges of Helsinki and Oslo. Swiss exchange is one of the largest stock exchanges in Europe. It was formed in 1995, and in 1996 started to hold the auction in the electronic mode. The Madrid stock exchange has a long history and a great influence in Spain. The stock exchange was founded in 1831, and in it are traded more than 1400 companies. Milan (Italian), the stock exchange is the only one in the country and was founded in 1998.
In Korea is the largest stock exchange in the world by number of deals with the directives of the Korea exchange. The exchange was formed by the merger of three major Korean sites - Korean futures exchange, Korean stock exchange and the KOSDAQ. Its official opening took place in 2005.
Russia is also in the list of the largest and most influential of the stock exchanges, through the Moscow interbank currency exchange. Its opening took place in 1992, however, the beginning of all put held by the Vnesheconombank of the USSR foreign currency auctions. On this exchange was first installed the exchange rate of the ruble to the U.S. dollar. Besides MICEX, in Russia there are about 10 stock exchanges.
Closes the list of the largest exchanges in the world of the Johannesburg stock exchange, which are in Africa, and is the largest in South Africa. The history of the exchange began in 1887 as a place for trading in securities of the companies mining gold.
